#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Modifying stuff out of your scope is generally a bad idea.
The use of the global keyword is usually indicative of poor programming,
though very rarely it may be the best solution (not in this class).
"""

# global
x1 = "global"


def f1() -> None:
    """Modifies global scoped variable"""
    global x1
    x1 = "changedlocal"
    print(x1)


f1()
print(x1)

# is the same as:
x2 = "global2"


def f2() -> None:
    """Modifies global scoped variable"""
    globals()["x2"] = "changedlocal"
    print(x2)


f2()
print(x2)


def f3() -> None:
    """
    Want to modify enclosing scope? Don't do this;
    it just modifies the global,
    and would even create a global if it did not exist.
    global specifically accesses the global namespace.
    """
    x3 = "enclosing"

    def g3() -> None:
        global x3
        x3 = "changedlocal"

    g3()
    print(x3)


f3()
print(x3)


def f4() -> None:
    """Instead, do this to modify the enclosing scope."""
    x4 = "enclosing"

    def g4() -> None:
        nonlocal x4
        x4 = "changedlocal"

    g4()
    print(x4)


f4()
print("print(x4) is an error")